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Herausforderungen bei der Stromversorgung mit unreguliertem IBC

Veröffentlicht am
3. Juni 2024

Die wichtigsten Fakten zur Auswahl unregulierter IBCs

Flex Power Modules hat verschiedene IBC-Typen entwickelt, darunter ungeregelte, geregelte und die innovative Hybrid Regulated Ratio (HRR)-Option. Designer müssen Aspekte wie Kosten, Effizienz und spezifische Systemanforderungen bewerten, um den am besten geeigneten Ansatz auszuwählen.

Unregulated IBCs have a fixed conversion ratio, such as 4:1 (meaning a 48 V input converts to a 12 V output), which enables them to achieve the highest efficiency, lowest cost, and smallest size. However, their output voltage is directly proportional to the input voltage, which means the PoL converter must be able to handle potentially large voltage variations.

Geregelte IBCs verwenden dagegen eine Rückkopplungs- oder Vorwärtsschleife, um ihre Ausgangsspannung innerhalb viel engerer Toleranzen zu steuern. Dies bedeutet jedoch, dass der IBC einen geringeren Wirkungsgrad hat als seine unregulierte Alternative. Dennoch kann die Einhaltung eines kleinen Ausgangsspannungsbereichs den Wirkungsgrad des PoL-Konverters erheblich verbessern.

Hybrid reguliertes Verhältnis (HRR)

The HRR model blends both approaches, providing proportional regulation up to a set input voltage before switching to full regulation, combining the best features of both systems for many applications.

Overcoming IBC design challenges

Within these different approaches, there are multiple technical challenges that must be addressed to achieve an efficient, reliable IBC design.

Start-up dynamics

Initial power application can spike ripple currents, potentially damaging components or tripping over-current safeguards. Regulating the switching frequency or employing larger output inductors can mitigate this.

Synchronous rectification

This method boosts efficiency by substituting diodes with MOSFETs for rectification, which have lower voltage drops. However, it introduces complexity, especially regarding converter drive timings.

Reverse energy management

MOSFETs can conduct current in either direction, posing risks during abrupt shutdowns. Proper control strategies, including timely MOSFET deactivation, are crucial to prevent unwanted reverse current flows.

Many engineers prefer to procure complete IBC modules from manufacturers, designed to meet these challenges whilst maximizing both performance and efficiency.

Umsetzungen in der Praxis

Flex Power Modules hat nicht isolierte, unregulierte IBC-Lösungen eingeführt, wie zum Beispiel die BMR313BMR314und Produkte für ein BMR320.

Flex Power Modules BMR314

The BMR313 model excels in confined spaces, offering a 3 kW peak in a miniature form (23.4 x 17.8 x 7.65 mm), achieving a remarkable 908 W/cm³ power density with an input to output ratio of 4:1. The BMR313 leverages the advantages of the FD6000, onsemi’s latest generation, intermediate bus digital controller. At an input voltage of 54 V, the module’s efficiency is as high as 97.2% at 50% load (40 A).

Ein weiteres Beispiel für einen nicht isolierten, ungeregelten IBC mit einem Verhältnis von 4:1 ist der BMR314, der bis zu 1,5 kW Spitzenleistung liefert. Wie der BMR313 verwendet der BMR314 einen LGA-Footprint und eine Pinbelegung nach Industriestandard für die Versorgungssicherheit und Second Sourcing.

Additionally, the BMR320 is suitable for 40 V to 60 V inputs, and utilizes an 8:1 fixed ratio, which means that the output voltage ranges from 5 V to 7.5 V. This makes it ideal for applications that require a lower intermediate bus voltage that can be helpful to optimize overall system efficiency, when used in conjunction with downstream PoL converters, VRMs, or Integrated Power Stages such as the BMR510 and others.

Each module is equipped with a PMBus interface for ease of monitoring, configuration, and control, seamlessly integrating with Flex Power’s Designer software to facilitate sophisticated power system management.

Abschluss

Unregulated IBCs are increasingly popular in data center applications due to their superior efficiency and cost-effectiveness compared to regulated types.

Alongside the 4:1 and 8:1 input to output ratios mentioned previously, other ratios are being requested which allow system designers to optimize their overall system efficiency. Examples include 5:1, 6:1, and even 10:1, which Flex Power Modules is responding to through new product developments utilizing the latest topologies and component choices, as well as novel thermal management techniques to enable the highest power densities.

As demand for more robust and efficient power supplies continues to grow — driven by advancements in processor technology geared towards AI applications — power design engineers will maintain their focus on thermal management at high power densities, as they try and keep cooling costs down.

Fortunately, Flex Power Modules remains a global leader in IBC power modules, continually innovating to meet these evolving needs with reliable and efficient power solutions.