ANNOUNCEMENT

Flex Announces Agreement to Acquire Electrical Power Products (EP²)

Flex companies

Technical abbreviations

This glossary provides definitions for key terms used in power electronics, DC/DC conversion, data center power architectures, AI compute systems, and digital power management. It supports engineers, system architects, and developers working with advanced power delivery solutions, including 48 VDC and 800 VDC architectures, OCP standards, and high-efficiency board solutions.

0-9

1PIC – Single Phase Immersion Cooling
2G – Second Generation (GSM/D-AMPS/GPRS/Edge)
2PIC – Two Phase Immersion Cooling
3D – Three Dimensional
3DIC – 3D Integrated Circuit
3E – Enhanced performance, Energy management, End-user value
3G – Third Generation (UMTS/CDMA2000/HSPA/HSPA+/EVDO)
3GPP – Third Generation Partnership Project
4G – Fourth Generation (LTE/LTE-A/LTE-Pro)
4PPOE – 4-Pair Power Over Ethernet
5G – Fifth Generation (NR)
8D – 8 Disciplines (report)

A

A/D – Analog to Digital
AAA – Authentication, Authorization and Accounting
AALC – Air Assisted Liquid Cooling
AAS – Advanced or Active Antenna System
AAU – Active Antenna Unit
AC – Alternating Current
AC/DC – Alternating Current to Direct Current
ACAP – Adaptive Compute Acceleration Platform
ACK – Acknowledgement
ACL – Access Control List
ACP – Average CPU Power
ACS – Active Current Sharing or American Chemical Society
ADC – Analog to Digital Converter
ADM – Add/Drop Multiplexer
ADSL – Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line
AFU – Antenna Filter Unit
AGC – Automatic Gain Control
AGI – Artificial General Intelligence
AGV – Automated Guided Vehicle
AI – Artificial Intelligence
AISG – Antenna Interface Standards Group
AMC – Advanced Mezzanine Card
AMH – Automated Material Handling
AMP – Architects of Modern Power or Amplifier
AMR – Autonomous Mobile Robot
ANI – Artificial Narrow Intelligence
ANN – Artificial Neural Network
ANSI – American National Standards Institute
AOI – Automated Optical Inspection
AON – Active Optical Network
AP – Access Point
API – Application Programming Interface
APL – Approved Parts List
APM – Advanced Power Management
APQP – Advanced Product Quality Planning
APT – Average Power Tracking
APU – Accelerated Processing Unit
AR – Augmented Reality
ART – Adaptive Ramp Time
AS – Access Server
ASCR – A Single Cycle Response
ASI – Artificial Super Intelligence
ASIC – Application Specific Integrated Circuit
ASIL – Automotive Safety Integrity Level
ASM – Advanced Sleep Mode
ASRS – Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems
ASSP – Application Specific Standard Product
ATCA – Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture
ATE – Automated Test Equipment
ATM – Asynchronous Transfer Mode
ATS – Automatic Transfer Switch
AVA – Analog Voltage Adjust
AVL – Approved Vendor List
AVS – Adaptive Voltage Scaling
AVSBus – Adaptive Voltage Scaling Bus
AWG – American Wire Gauge
AWS – Amazon Web Services
AXI – Automated X-ray Inspection

B

BAC – Broadband Access Controller
BBU – Baseband Unit or Battery Backup Unit
BCM – Business Continuity Management
BCP – Business Continuity Plan
BEM – Boundary Element Method
BER – Bit Error Rate
BFN – Beam Forming Network
BGA – Ball Grid Array or Bump Grid Array
BJT – Bipolar Junction Transistor
BMC – Baseboard Management Controller
BMP – Board Mounted Power
BMPS – Board Mounted Power Supply
BMR – Board Mounted Regulator
BMS – Battery Management System or Building Management System
BNG – Broadband Network Gateway
BoM – Bill of Materials
BPD – Backside/Bottomside Power Delivery
BPR – Buried Power Rail
BRAS – Broadband Remote Access Server
BREP – Boundary Representation
BSC – Base Station Controller
BSI – British Standards Institute
BSPDN – Backside Power Delivery Network
BSS – Base Station System
BTS – Base Transceiver Station
BW – Bandwidth

C

C-RAN – Centralized/Cloud Radio Access Network
C2C – Chip-to-Chip Interconnect
CA – Controller Assembly
CAD – Computer Aided Design
CAGR – Compound Annual Growth Rate
CAN – Controller Area Network (bus)
CAN FD – Controller Area Network Flexible Data-rate
CAS – Chemical Abstracts Service (number)
CAVs – Connected and Autonomous Vehicles
CB – Certification Body
CBC – Cycle By Cycle (protection)
CC – Constant Current
CCC – China Compulsory Certification
CCM – Continuous Conduction Mode
CDA – PMBus Configuration Data File
CDM – Coolant Distribution Manifold
CDMA – Code Division Multiple Access
CDN – Content Delivery Network
CDP – Carbon Disclosure Project
CDR – Critical Design Review
CDU – Coolant Distribution Unit
CE – Conformité Européenne or Customer Edge
CEM – Contract Electronics Manufacturer
CEN – Comité Européen de Normalisation
CENELEC – Comité Européen de Normalisation Électrotechnique
CESS – Capacitive Energy Storage System
CFD – Computational Fluid Dynamics
CFM – Cubic Feet per Minute (airflow)
CFP – Common FootPrint
CIF – Co-Innovation Facility
CM – Common Mode (noise/choke)
CMC – Current Mode Control
CMOS – Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
CMRR – Common Mode Rejection Ratio
CMRT – Conflict Minerals Reporting Template
CMTI – Common Mode Transient Immunity
CNN – Convolutional Neural Network
CoC – Certificate of Conformance
CoD – Chip-on-Die
CoO – Country of Origin
COS – Continuity of Supply
COT – Constant On Time
COTS – Commercial Off The Shelf
CoWoS – Chip-on-Wafer-on-Substrate
CPA – Centralized Power Architecture
CPE – Customer Premises Equipment
CPO – Co‑Packaged Optics
CPU – Central Processing Unit
CQC – China Quality Certification
CRAC – Computer Room Air Conditioning
CRAH – Computer Room Air Handling
CSA – Canadian Standards Association
CSP – Communication Service Provider
CSS – Compute Subsystem
CSV – Comma Separated Values
CTBP – Control, Transport, Baseband, and Power
CTI – Comparative Tracking Index
CTW – Cooling Tower Water
CU – Centralized Unit
CUDA – Compute Unified Device Architecture
CUE – Carbon Usage Effectiveness
CV – Constant Voltage
CWDM – Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing
CXL – Compute eXpress Link

D

D-AMPS – Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System
D/A – Digital to Analog
D2C – Direct to Chip (liquid cooling)
D2D – Direct-to-Die
DAC – Digital to Analog Converter
DAP – Delivered At Place
DAS – Distributed Antenna System or Direct Attached Storage
DBF – Digital Beam Forming
DBV – Dynamic Bus Voltage
DC – Direct Current
DC/AC – Direct Current to Alternating Current (inverter)
DC/DC – Direct Current to Direct Current (converter)
DCCM – Data Center Cooling Management
DCIM – Data Center Infrastructure Management
DCL – Decision Logic or Data Control Language
DCM – Discontinuous Conduction Mode
DCR – Direct Current Resistance (measurement)
DCS – Distributed Control System
DCX – DC Transformer
DDP – Delivered Duty Paid
DDR – Double Data Rate (memory)
DEM – Diode Emulation Mode
DFC – Direct Frequency Control
DFE – Design For the Environment
DFM – Design For Manufacturability
DFMEA – Design Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
DFR – Design For Reliability
DFT – Design For Testability
DiCon – Direct Conversion
DIL – Dual InLine (package)
DIMM – Dual Inline Memory Module
DIN – Deutsches Institut für Normung
DIP – Dual Inline Package
DL – Deep Learning
DLA – Deep Learning Accelerator
DLC – Dynamic Load Compensation or Direct Liquid Cooling
DLS – Droop Load Sharing
DMUX – Demultiplexer
DOE – Design of Experiments
DOSA – Distributed-power Open Standards Alliance
DOW – Date Of Withdrawal
DPA – Distributed Power Architecture
DPC – DIMMs Per Channel
DPD – Digital Pre-Distortion
DPI – Deep Packet Inspection
DPM – Digital Power Management or Dynamic Power Management
DPoL – Digital Point of Load (converter)
DPU – Data Processing Unit
DPWM – Digital Pulse Width Modulation or Discontinuous PWM
DRAM – Dynamic Random Access Memory
DrMOS – Driver & MOSFET module
DRP – Disaster Recovery Plan
DSL – Digital Subscriber Line
DSLAM – Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer
DSM – Demand Side (Clock) Management
DSP – Digital Signal Processor
DTC – Direct to Chip (liquid cooling)
DTC – Direct Torque Control
DTI – Distance Through Insulation
DU – Distributed Unit
DUT – Device Under Test
DVFS – Dynamic Voltage & Frequency Scaling
DVS – Dynamic Voltage Scaling
DVT – Design Validation/Verification Testing
DWDM – Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing

E

E-mMIMO – Extreme-massive MIMO
E2E – End to End
EAR – Export Administration Regulations
EB – Eighth Brick
EC – Engineering Change or Edge Computing
ECA – Electronic Components Association
ECCN – Export Control Classification Number
ECHA – European CHemicals Agency
ECIA – Electronic Components Industry Association
ECN – Export Control Notice
ECS – Environmental Control System
EDA – Electronic Design Automation
EDC – Electrical Design Current
EDGE – Enhanced Data for Global Evolution
EDI – Electronic Data Interchange
EDP – Electrical Design Power or Excursion Design Power or Electronic Data Processing
EDR – Event Data Recorder (“black box”)
EER – Envelope Elimination and Restoration
EFT – Electrical Fast Transient
EIA – Electronic Industries Association
ELFR – Early Life Failure Rate
ELV – Extra Low Voltage
EMAC – Ethernet Media Access Control (address)
eMBB – Enhanced Mobile BroadBand
EMC – Electromagnetic Compatibility
EMF – Electromotive Force or Electromagnetic Field
EMI – Electromagnetic Interference
EMIB – Embedded Multi-Die Interconnect Bridge
EMR – Electromagnetic Radiation
EMRT – Extended Minerals Reporting Template
EMS – Electronic Manufacturing Services
EN – Norme Européen or Engineering Note
eNB – Evolved NodeB
ENIG – Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold
EOL – End Of Life
EPC – Evolved Packet Core
EPG – Evolved Packet Gateway
EPO – Emergency Power Off
EPON – Ethernet Passive Optical Network
EPROM – Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
EPU – Energy Processing Unit
ERF – Energy Reuse Factor
ERI – Early Return Index
ERP – Enterprise Resource Planning
ERTMS – European Rail Traffic Management System
ESD – Electrostatic Discharge
ESG – Environmental, Social, and Governance
ESL – Equivalent Series Inductance
ESR – Equivalent Series Resistance
ESS – Environmental Stress Screening
ET – Envelope Tracking
ETA – Estimated Time of Arrival
ETCS – European Train Control System
ETD – Estimated Time of Departure
EUT – Equipment Under Test
EV – Electric Vehicle
EVDO – Evolution Data Optimized
EVT – Engineering Validation/Verification Testing
EXW – Ex Works

F

FAE – Field Application Engineer
FAI – First Article Inspection
FAQ – Frequently Asked Questions
FAR – Failure Analysis Report
FCA – Free Carrier
FCC – Federal Communications Commission or Forced Continuous Conduction
FCCM – Forced Continuous Conduction Mode
FCT – Functional Circuit Test
FDD – Frequency Division Duplex
FDMA – Frequency Division Multiple Access
FEA – Finite Element Analysis
FEM – Finite Element Method or Front End Module
FET – Field Effect Transistor
FFC – Feed-Forward Compensation
FFT – Fast Fourier Transform
FHA – Fundamental Harmonic Analysis
FIQ – Fast Interrupt reQuest
FIT – Failures In Time
FMD – Full Material Declaration
FMEA – Failure Mode Effect Analysis
FMPS – Fault Managed Power System
FOB – Free On Board
FPD – Flex Power Designer
FPGA – Field Programmable Gate Array
FPM – Flex Power Modules
FRA – Fixed Radio Access
FRMCS – Future Railway Mobile Communication Systems
FRU – Field Replaceable Unit
FSC – Fan Speed Control
FTTx – Fiber To The “x” (Premise/Home/Building/Cabinet/Node etc.)
FWA – Fixed Wireless Access
FWS – Facility Water System

G

GaAs – Gallium Arsenide
GAM – Global Account Manager
GaN – Gallium Nitride
GCB – Group Communication Bus
GCM – Global Commodity Management
GCP – Google Cloud Platform
GDT – Gas Discharge Tube
GHG – Greenhouse Gas
GigE – Gigabit Ethernet
GMSL – Gigabit Multimedia Serial Link
gNB – Next Generation NodeB
GND – Ground
GNN – Graph Neural Network
GP-GPU – General Purpose Graphic Processing Unit
GPA – General Purpose Agreement
GPIB – General Purpose Interface Bus
GPIO – General Purpose Input/Output
GPON – Gigabit Passive Optical Network
GPP – General Purpose Processor
GPRS – General Packet Radio Service
GPS – Global Positioning System
GPT – Generative Pretrained Transformer model
GPU – Graphic Processing Unit
GSA – Global mobile Suppliers Association
GSM – Global System for Mobile Communications
GSM-R – GSM Railway
GSMA – GSM Association
GUI – Graphical User Interface
GWP – Global Warming Potential

H

HALT – Highly Accelerated Life Testing
HASL – Hot Air Solder Level
HASS – Highly Accelerated Stress Screening
HAST – Highly Accelerated Stress Testing
HB – Half Brick
HBI – Hybrid Bonding Interface
HBM – High Bandwidth Memory
HCI – HyperConverged Infrastructure
HDR – High Data Rate
HEMT – High Electron Mobility Transistors
HEV – Hybrid Electric Vehicle
HIL – Hardware-in-the-Loop
HIP – Head-In-Pillow (defect)
HMI – Human Machine Interface
HOD – High Ohmic Distribution
HPC – High Performance Computing
HPC-SoC – High-Performance Computing System-on-Chip
HPCaaS – High Performance Computing as a Service
HPDC – High Performance Data Center
HPR – High Power Rack
HRR – Hybrid Regulated Ratio
HS – Harmonized System
HSC – Hybrid Switched Capacitor (topology)
HSDPA – High Speed Downlink Packet Access
HSPA – High‑Speed Packet Access
HTOL – High Temperature Operating Life
HTS – Harmonized Tariff Schedule
HTSL – High Temperature Storage Life
HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HTTPS – Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
HV – High Voltage
HVAC – Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
HVDC – High Voltage Direct Current (on-board / inside systems)
HVDC – High Voltage Direct Current (power transmission)
HW – Hardware

I

I/O – Input/Output
I2C – Inter‑Integrated circuit Communication (bus)
I3C – Improved Inter‑Integrated circuit Communication
IA – Intelligent Automation
IBA – Intermediate Bus Architecture
iBBU – Intelligent Baseband Unit
IBC – Intermediate Bus Converter
IBV – Intermediate Bus Voltage
IC – Integrated Circuit
ICS – Industrial Control Systems
ICT – In-Circuit Test or Information & Communications Technology
IDC – Internet Data Center
IDM – Integrated Device Manufacturer
IDS – Intrusion Detection System
IDU – Indoor Unit
IEC – International Electrotechnical Commission
IEE – Institution of Electrical Engineers
IEEE – Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
IET – Institution of Engineering and Technology
IGBT – Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
IHV – Independent Hardware Vendor
IIoT – Industrial Internet of Things
IKE – Internet Key Exchange
IMDS – International Material Data System
IMS – Insulated Metal Substrate or IP Multimedia Subsystem
IMT – International Mobile Telecommunication
IoE – Internet of Everything
IOR – Input‑Output Ratio
IoT – Internet of Things
IoU – Intersection over Union
IP – Internet Protocol or Intellectual Property or International Protection
IPC – Institute for Printed Circuits
IPMI – Intelligent Platform Management Interface
IPS – Integrated Power Stage/Systems
IPsec – Internet Protocol Security
IPU – Image/Intelligence/Infrastructure Processing Unit
IR – Infrared (Reflow)
IRQ – Interrupt ReQuest
IRR – Initial Return Rate
ISA – Instruction Set Architecture
ISO – International Organization for Standardization
ISP – Infrastructure/Internet Service Provider
ISV – Independent Software Vendor
ITAR – International Traffic in Arms Regulations
ITU – International Telecommunication Union
IUCLID – International Uniform CHemicaL Information Database

J

JDM – Joint Design Manufacturer
JEDEC – Joint Electronic Device Engineering Council
JFET – Junction Field Effect Transistor
JIT – Just In Time
JTAG – Joint Test Action Group

K

KAM – Key Account Manager
KPI – Key Performance Indicator

L

L2L – Liquid-to-Liquid (Cooling)
L4S – Low Latency, Low Loss, Scalable Throughput
LAN – Local Area Network
LCA – Life Cycle Assessment
LCC – Inductor-Capacitor-Capacitor (resonant converter)
LDMOS – Laterally Diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor
LDO – Low Dropout (voltage regulator)
LFM – Linear Feet per Minute (airflow)
LGA – Land Grid Array
LGV – Laser Guided Vehicle
LISN – Line Impedance Stabilization Network
LLC – Inductor-Inductor-Capacitor (resonant converter)
LLM – Large Language Model
LNA – Low Noise Amplifier
LOD – Low Ohmic Distribution
LPD – Lateral Power Delivery
LPDDR – Low Power Double Data Rate
LPF – Low Pass Filter
LPWA – Low Power Wide Area
LSB – Least Significant Bit
LSTM – Long Short-Term Memory
LT – Lead Time
LTB – Last Time Buy
LTE – Long Term Evolution
LTE-A – LTE Advanced
LTE-M – LTE Machine (type communication)
LTRR – Long Term Return Rate
LTS – Last Time Ship
LVD – Low Voltage Directive
LVDC – Low Voltage Direct Current

M

M2M – Machine to Machine
MAC – Media Access Control (address)
MBA – Multi Beam Antenna
MBB – Mobile Broadband
MBPA – Multi Beam Phased Array
MCM – Multi-Chip Module
MCRF – Mean Corrective Repair Frequency
MCU – Microcontroller Unit
MDF – Main Distribution Frame
MEC – Mobile Edge Computing
MEMS – Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems
MFA – Multi-Factor Authentication
MIMO – Multiple Input Multiple Output
ML – Machine Learning
MLB – Multi Layer Board
MLCC – Multi Layer Ceramic Capacitor
MLOps – Machine Learning Operations
MLP – Multi-Layer Perceptron
MMA – Modified Moving Average
mMIMO – Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output
mMTC – Massive Machine Type Communication
mmW – Millimeter Wave
MNO – Mobile Network Operator
MOCN – Multi Operator Core Network
MOE – Mixture Of Experts
MOOP – Means Of Operator Protection
MOP – Means of Protection
MOPP – Means of Patient Protection
MOQ – Minimum Order Quantity
MORAN – Multi Operator Radio Access Network
MOSFET – Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
MOV – Metal Oxide Varistor
MP – Mass Production
MPC – Maximum Power Consumption
MPN – Manufacturer Part Number
MPPT – Maximum Power Point Tracking
MPQ – Minimum Package Quantity
MPU – Micro Processor Unit
MR – Mixed Reality
MRL – Manufacturing Readiness Level
MRP – Materials Requirement Planning or Manufacturing Resource Planning
MRR – Manufacturing Readiness Review
MRT – Multi Resonant Topology
MSA – Measurement System Analysis
MSB – Most Significant Bit
MSC – Mobile Switching Center
MSDS – Material Safety Data Sheet
MSL – Moisture Sensitivity Level
MTA – Multi Tapped Autotransformer
MTBF – Mean Time Between Failures
MTTF – Mean Time To Failure
MTTR – Mean Time To Repair
MU-MIMO – Multi User MIMO
MUX – Multiplexer
MVDC – Medium Voltage Direct Current
MVNO – Mobile Virtual Network Operator

N

NACK – Negative Acknowledgement
NAFTA – North American Free Trade Agreement
NAPU – Network Addressable Processing Unit
NAS – Network Attached Storage
NAT – Network Address Translation
NB-IoT – Narrow Band Internet of Things
NCNR – Non-Cancellable Non-Returnable
NDA – Non-Disclosure Agreement
NDAA – National Defense Authorization Act
NEBS – Network Equipment Building System
NEDA – National Electronic Distributors Association
NEMA – National Electrical Manufacturers Association
NFF – No Fault Found
NFV – Network Function Virtualization
NGMN – Next Generation Mobile Networks (alliance)
NIC – Network Interface Card
NLP – Natural Language Processing
NLR – Non-Linear Response
NLU – Natural Language Understanding
NOC – Network-on-Chip
NPI – New Product Introduction
NPR – New Product Requirement
NPU – Neural/Network Processing Unit
NQA – National Quality Assurance
NR – New Radio (5G) or Notch Resonance
NRE – Non-Recurring Engineering (charge)
NRND – Not Recommended for New Designs
NSA 5G – Non-Stand-Alone 5G
NTC – Negative Temperature Coefficient
NVM – Non-Volatile Memory

O

O-RAN – Open Radio Access Network (Alliance)
OADM – Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer
OAI – Open Accelerator Infrastructure
OAM – OCP Accelerator Module
OBC – On Board Charger
OCP – Over Current Protection or Open Compute Project
OCPR – Over Current Protection Reset
OCS – Optical Circuit Switch
OCV – Open Circuit Voltage
ODM – Original Design Manufacturer
ODSC – Outdoor Small Cell
ODU – OutDoor Unit or Open Distributed Unit
OEE – Overall Equipment Effectiveness
OEM – Original Equipment Manufacturer
OES – Open Enterprise Server
OFDM – Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
OLT – Optical Line Termination
ONT – Optical Network Terminal
OPU – Omni Processing Unit
ORT – Ongoing Reliability Testing
ORU – Open Radio Unit
ORv – Open Rack Version
OT – Operational Technology
OTFS – Orthogonal Time Frequency & Space
OTP – Over Temperature Protection or One Time Programming
OTT – Over The Top (streaming)
OVP – Over Voltage Protection
OXC – Optical Cross-Connect

P

PA – Power Amplifier
PAA – Phased Array Antenna
PAE – Power Added Efficiency
PAM – Power Amplifier Module
PAPR – Peak to Average Power Ratio
PBT – Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic (chemicals)
PBX – Private Branch Exchange
PCB – Printed Circuit Board
PCBA – Printed Circuit Board Assembly
PCI – Peripheral Component Interface
PCIe – Peripheral Component Interface Express
PCN – Product Change Notification
PCR – Power Conversion Ratio
PD – Powered Device
PDB – Power Distribution Board
PDCP – Packet Data Convergence Protocol
PDE – Power Delivery Efficiency or Partial Differential Equation
PDM – Pulse-Density Modulation
PDN – Product Discontinuation Notice or Power Distribution/Delivery Network or Packet Data Network
PDU – Power Distribution Unit
PE – Polyethylene
PEC – Packet Error Checking
PER – Packet Error Rate
PF – Power Factor
PFC – Power Factor Correction
PFM – Pulse Frequency Modulation
PFMEA – Process Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
PG – Power Good
PHY – Physical Layer
PICMG – PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group
PID – Proportional Integral Derivative or Packet Identifier
PIM – Power Interface Module or Passive InterModulation
PIP – Pin-In-Paste (for reflow soldering through hole parts)
PIS – Product Information System
PLC – Programmable Logic Controller or Product Life Cycle or Power Line Communications
PLCM – Product Life Cycle Management
PLL – Phase Locked Loop
PMBus – Power Management Bus
PMIC – Power Management Integrated Circuit
PMU – Power Management Unit
PN – Product Notification
PO – Purchase Order
PoE – Power Over Ethernet
POEP – Power Over Ethernet Plus (PoE+)
POFV – Plated Over Filled Via
PoL – Point of Load (converter)
POLA – Point Of Load Alliance
PON – Passive Optical Network
PoP – Point of Presence
POTS – Plain Old Telephone Service
Pp – Process Performance Ratio
PPAP – Production Part Approval Process
PPB – Power Pulsation Buffering
PPE – Polyphenylene Ether
Ppk – Process Performance Index
PPL – Peak Power Limiting or Preferred Parts List
PPM – Parts Per Million
PPPoE – Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet
PR – Parallel Resonance
PRC – Parallel Resonant Converter
PRD – Product Requirement Document
PROM – Programmable Read Only Memory
PRR – Production Readiness Review
PSA – Power Stamp Alliance
PSE – Power Sourcing Equipment
PSFB – Phase-Shifted Full-Bridge
PSL – Preferred Suppliers List
PSMP – Power Surface Multiplier Package
PSRR – Power Supply Rejection Ratio
PSU – Power Supply Unit
PT – Potential Transformer
PTC – Positive Temperature Coefficient or Powered Temperature Cycling
PTH – Plated Through Hole
PTMP – Point To Multi Point
PTP – Point To Point or Power, Thermal, and Performance (sensors)
PUE – Power Usage Effectiveness
PV – Photovoltaic (inverter)
PVT – Production Validation/Verification Testing
PWB – Printed Wiring Board
PWBA – Printed Wiring Board Assembly
PWM – Pulse Width Modulation

Q

QAM – Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QB – Quarter Brick
QCC – Quality Control Circle
QDR – Quad Data Rate
QFN – Quad Flat No-Lead
QML – Qualified Manufacturers List
QMS – Quality Management System
QN – Quality Notification
QoS – Quality of Service
QPU – Quantum Processing Unit

R

RAG – Retrieval-Augmented Generation
RAID – Redundant Array of Independent Disks
RAM – Random Access Memory
RAN – Radio Access Network
RBS – Radio Base Station
RC – Remote Control (on/off)
RCI – Rack Cooling Index
RDMA – Remote Direct Memory Access
REACH – Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and restriction of CHemicals
REF – Renewable Energy Factor
RET – Remote Electronic Tilt
RF – Radio Frequency
RFI – Radio Frequency Interference or Request For Information
RFP – Request For Proposal
RFPA – Radio Frequency Power Amplifier
RFQ – Request For Quotation
RGW – Radio Gateway
RH – Relative Humidity
RIC – RAN Intelligent Controller
RISC-V – Reduced Instruction Set Computer (Version 5 architecture)
RL – Reinforcement Learning
RLC – Radio Link Control
RLHF – Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback
RMA – Returned Material Authorization
RMI – Responsible Minerals Initiative
RMS – Root Mean Square
RNC – Radio Network Controller
RNN – Recurrent Neural Network
ROADM – Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer
RoHS – Restriction of Hazardous Substances
ROM – Read Only Memory or Rough Order of Magnitude
RPA – Robotic Process Automation
RPM – Revolutions Per Minute
RPO – Recovery Point Objective
RPU – Resistive Processing Unit
RRC – Radio Resource Control
RRH – Remote Radio Head
RRU – Remote Radio Unit
RS – Recommended Standard (e.g., RS232, RS485)
RSM – Regional Sales Manager
RTO – Recovery Time Objective
RTU – Remote Terminal Unit
RTY – Rolled Throughput Yield
RU – Radio Unit or Rack Unit
RX – Receive

S

S2S – Service to Service
SA – Serial Address or StandAlone
SALERT – SMBus Alert
SAML – Security Assertion Markup Language
SAN – Storage Area Network
SB – Sixteenth Brick
SBC – Single Board Computer or Session Border Controller
SBTi – Science Based Targets initiative
SCADA – Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
SCAR – Supplier Corrective Action Request
SCC – Switched Capacitance Converter or Short Circuit Current
SCIP – Substances of Concern In articles as such or in complex objects (Products)
SCL – Serial Clock Line
SCP – Short Circuit Protection
SCPD – Short Circuit Protective Device
SCR – Silicon Controlled Rectifier
SCSI – Small Computer System Interface
SDA – Serial Data Line
SDDC – Software Defined Data Center
SDH – Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SDN – Software Defined Networking
SDR – Single Data Rate
SELV – Safety Extra Low Voltage
SFOC – Sensorless Field Oriented Control
SHSC – Symmetrical Hybrid Switched Capacitor
SI – Système International
SiC – Silicon Carbide
SIM – Subscriber Identity Module
SIMT – Single Instruction, Multiple Threads
SIOP – Sales, Inventory, and Operations Planning
SIP – Single Inline Package or System In Package or Session Initiation Protocol
SKU – Stock Keeping Unit
SLA – Service Level Agreement
SLO – Service Level Objective
SMA – Surface Mount Assembly
SMBus – System Management Bus
SMD – Surface Mount Device
SME – Small and Medium Enterprise
SMP – Surface Mount Package
SMPS – Switched Mode Power Supply
SMR – Small Modular Reactor
SMT – Surface Mount Technology
SNR – Signal-to-Noise Ratio
SOA – Safe Operating Area
SoC – System on Chip or Statement of Compliance
SOIC – Small Outline Integrated Circuit
SON – Self Organizing Network
SONET – Synchronous Optical Networking
SPA – Specific Purchase Agreement
SPC – Statistical Process Control
SPI – Serial Peripheral Interface
SPQ – Standard Package Quantity
SPS – Standby Power Supply
SPU – Security Processing Unit
SQL – Structured Query Language
SR – Series Resonance
SRAM – Static Random Access Memory
SRC – Series Resonant Converter
SRF – Series Resonant Frequency
SSD – Solid State Drive
SSO – Single Sign-On
STC – Switched Tank Capacitor
STEP – Standard for the Exchange of Product model data
SVHC – Substances of Very High Concern
SVID – Serial Voltage Identifier
SW – Software
SWaP-C – Size, Weight, Power, and Cost
SWG – Standard Wire Gauge

T

T&R – Tape and Reel
TAA – Trade Agreements Act
TC – Temperature Cycling
TCE – Thermal Coefficient of Expansion
TCO – Total Cost of Ownership
TCP – Transport Control Protocol
TCS – Technology Cooling System
TD-SCDMA – Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access
TDC – Thermal Design Current
TDD – Time Division Duplex
TDM – Time Division Multiplex
TDMA – Time Division Multiple Access
TDP – Thermal Design Power
TFR – Test For Reliability
TH – Through Hole
THB – Temperature Humidity Bias
THD – Total Harmonic Distortion
THT – Through Hole Technology
TIA – Telecommunications Industries Association
TIM – Thermal Interface Material
TIP – Telecom Infra Project
TLVR – Trans-Inductor Voltage Regulator
TMA – Tower Mounted Amplifier
TOBA – Telecom On-Board Architecture
TOR – Top Of Rack
TPL – Top of rack Power Loss
TPP – Total Processor Performance
TPU – Tensor Processing Unit
TR – Technical Report
TRL – Technology Readiness Level
TRU – Transmitter Receiver Unit
TSCA – Toxic Substances Control Act
TSN – Time Sensitive Networking
TSV – Through-Silicon Via
TTL – Transistor Transistor Logic
TUV – Technischer Überwachungs Verein
TVS – Transient Voltage Suppressor
TVSS – Transient Volt Surge Suppression
TX – Transmit

U

UART – Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
UBB – Universal BaseBoard
UCIe – Universal Chiplet Interconnect Express
UCP – Under Current Protection
UI – User Interface
UKCA – UK Conformity Assessed
UL – Underwriters Laboratories
UL-MIMO – Ultra-Large-Scale MIMO
UMTS – Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
UPOE – Universal Power Over Ethernet (PoE++)
UPS – Uninterruptable Power Supply
uRLLC – Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication
USB – Universal Serial Bus
UUT – Unit Under Test
UVLO – Under Voltage Lock Out
UVP – Under Voltage Protection
UX – User eXperience

V

V-RAN – Virtualized Radio Access Network
VA – Virtual Assistant
vBBU – Virtual Baseband Unit
VCO – Voltage Controlled Oscillator
VCU – Video Coding Unit
VDC – Virtual Data Center or Volt Direct Current
VDE – Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker
VDI – Virtual Desktop Infrastructure
VFD – Variable Frequency Drive
VFF – Voltage Feed Forward
VGA – Variable Gain Amplifier
VID – Voltage Identifier
VIPPO – Via in Pad Plated Over
VLAN – Virtual Local Area Network
VM – Virtual Machine
VMC – Voltage Mode Control
VNF – Virtual Network Function
VoC – Verification of Conformity
VoIP – Voice over IP (Internet Protocol)
VoLTE – Voice over LTE
VoNR – Voice over New Radio
VPD – Vertical Power Delivery
VPN – Virtual Private Network
VPU – Vision Processing Unit
VPWR – Vertical Power
VQFN – Very thin Quad Flat No-lead
VR – Virtual Reality
VRM – Voltage Regulator Module
VSD – Variable Speed Drive

W

WAN – Wide Area Network
WAP – Wireless Access Protocol
WBG – Wide Band Gap (semiconductor)
WCDMA – Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
WEEE – Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (directive)
WFD – Waste Framework Directive
WFE – Wafer Fabrication Equipment
WiMAX – Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
WIP – Work In Progress
WISP – Wireless Internet Service Provider
WLAN – Wireless Local Area Network
WSE – Wafer-Scale Engine
WUE – Water Usage Effectiveness

X

xDSL – arbitrary Digital Subscriber Line (e.g. ADSL)
XML – EXtensible Markup Language
XPE – AMD-Xilinx Power Estimator
xPU – arbitrary Processing Unit
XR – Extended Reality

Y

YRR – One Year Return Rate

Z

ZBFW – Zone-Based Firewall
ZCS – Zero Current Switching
ZEV – Zero Emission Vehicle
ZIF – Zero Insertion Force
ZNE – Zero Net Energy
ZSC – Zero-voltage Switched Capacitor
ZVS – Zero Voltage Switching

η

ηLL – Efficiency at Light Load

µ

µC – Microcontroller
µTCA – Micro Telecommunications Computing Architecture